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Ernest Walker (15 July 187021 February 1949) was an Indian-born English composer, pianist, organist, teacher and writer on music. ==Biography== Ernest Walker was born in Bombay, India, in 1870, where his father was a partner in a merchant firm〔(Hans Brofeldt: Piano Music for the Left Hand Alone )〕 (his father had also had ambitions to be a writer, and even published two novels under the pseudonym "Powys Oswyn", but these plans were abandoned).〔 Ernest came to England with his parents in 1871. From an early age he exhibited a mystic attraction to nature.〔 He studied the piano with Ernst Pauer〔 and harmony with Alfred Richter (a son of the cantor at St Thomas's Church, Leipzig).〔 Through a mutual friend, he became friendly with Harold Bauer (then still only a violinist) and the two would often play duos together.〔 He was educated at Oxford, becoming a Doctor of Music in 1898. There, his mystical bent was fostered and became more pronounced.〔 He was assistant organist at Balliol College from 1891 to 1901, and organist from 1901 to 1913 (resigning only because he felt his private views on religion were incompatible with the religious nature of the texts sung by the choir, even though there was no requirement that the organist profess Christian beliefs).〔 He remained at Oxford for the rest of his life, and died there. He was director of music at Balliol from 1901 to 1925 and organised the Sunday chamber music concerts there, at which he often appeared as a pianist. He arranged appearances at these concerts by artists such as the baritone Harry Plunket Greene, the tenors Steuart Wilson and Gervase Elwes, the pianists Fanny Davies, Leonard Borwick and Donald Tovey, the violinists Adolf Busch and Jelly d'Arányi, and the violist Lionel Tertis.〔〔 These concerts often featured English premieres, such as César Franck's Violin Sonata in A major, and songs by Joseph Marx and Richard Strauss.〔 He was for many years an examiner and member of the Board of Studies for music, and he did much to improve the standard of the B.Mus and D.Mus degrees. He encouraged many promising musicians, among them the Australian Frederick Septimus Kelly, who was killed in World War I, and Donald Tovey, who became his lifelong friend. Tovey dedicated his ''Balliol Dances'' for piano duet to Ernest Walker.〔 He championed the music of Hugo Wolf and Claude Debussy, and introduced some of Johannes Brahms's late works to England (the piano pieces, Op. 117, and the Rhapsody from Op. 119).〔 He also played for the first time in England some Scriabin and Debussy piano pieces, Max Reger's ''Aus meinem Tagebuch'', and Sergei Rachmaninoff's Prelude in C sharp minor.〔 Walker had a great reputation as an accompanist,〔(Ellsworth & Wollemberg, The Piano in nineteenth-century British culture )〕 and played for artists such as Pablo Casals, on one occasion in 1898 performing together for Queen Victoria at Osborne House. As late as 1947, Casals wrote to Walker expressing his admiration for the musicianship he had displayed almost 50 years earlier.〔(Margaret Deneke, Ernest Walker, 1951 )〕 He also accompanied Joseph Joachim in concert; Joachim later wrote to Walker to express his gratitude for the quality of his playing.〔 Privately, he played violin sonatas with Albert Einstein.〔 He edited the ''Musical Gazette'', a quarterly publication, from 1899 to 1902. He wrote the Beethoven number of the ''Music of the Masters'' series (1905). He wrote a number of articles for the 2nd edition of Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1902).〔 He wrote articles and critiques for ''The Times'' and ''Manchester Guardian'', and wrote program notes for concerts. His most important literary work is ''History of Music in England'' (1907, rev. 1923; rev. 1952 by Jack Westrup), which is still consulted today. His essays written over a 30-year period were collected in ''Free Thought and the Musician'' (1946), in which he explains his philosophical, religious and mystical views. His writings were admired by people such as Sir Donald Tovey, Philip Heseltine, Sir William Walton and Sir Adrian Boult.〔 While he is described as a man of unfailing integrity and kindliness, he could also be blunt in his opinions. He had little time for the music of Sir Arthur Sullivan, and was famously dismissive of Sir John Stainer's ''The Crucifixion''. Walton and Boult were students of his, as were Herbert Murrill,〔(Bach cantatas )〕 Reginald Jacques, Victor Hely-Hutchinson, Sir Thomas Armstrong, Graham Peel, Sir William McKie,〔 Robert Still, and Gervase Hughes.〔(David Eden, The Unperson of English Music )〕 He resigned as Director of Music at Balliol College to devote himself to composition. In 1942 the Cobbett Gold Medal of the Worshipful Company of Musicians was conferred on him.〔 He died in 1949, aged 78. He was mourned by many, and those who paid tribute to him included Albert Schweitzer. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernest Walker (composer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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